How to connect tweeters in a car?

⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ During the installation of a new speaker system, the owner may have the following problem - how to connect tweeters (tweeters) so that they work efficiently and without problems?

The essence of the issue is the complexity of modern stereo systems. For this reason, in practice there are often cases when installed tweeters either work with distortion or do not work at all. By following the installation rules, you can avoid possible difficulties - the procedure will be as quick and simple as possible.

Choosing the right high-frequency speakers (beepers, tweeters) for the car

Tweeters or tweeters are high-frequency speakers used in speaker systems.
The main task of these devices is to reproduce high-frequency sounds. Tweeters or tweeters for acoustics are usually included in a multi-component system, but they can also be purchased separately. Externally, they are small speakers, but despite this, they are able to significantly improve car sound, adding volume and sonority to it.

The price of beepers for a car starts from 200 rubles and above, depending on the brand and characteristics of the device.

The first thing you need to do when choosing a sound system for a car is to decide on high-quality component acoustics, because only its use guarantees good and rich sound. Be sure to pay attention to the power of the system; it must match the power of the amplifier.

As for which beepers for the car are better, the main thing here is the material from which their domes are made. It can be silk or metal, plastic, paper.

After purchase, it is better to install the tweeters in podiums (which you can make yourself), and soundproof the door.

Install them backwards or forwards - it all depends on the layout of the speaker system. However, keep in mind that it is not worthwhile to install tweeters yourself without certain skills, since this process is quite complex, and when installing devices of this kind, you should take into account the possibility of sound distortion caused by the effect of its reflection.

Criteria for choosing tweeters for a car

1. Dome material. Anyone who decides to independently improve the sound quality in a car asks the question: which is better to buy beepers for the car, silk or metal?

Experts do not see much difference between the performance of tweeters with silk and metal domes, since everything depends entirely on the quality with which they are made and on the company supplying them. The only significant difference is the phase equalization disk, which is only available on metal dome tweeters.

For example, among silk tweeters the highest quality and most productive tweeters are Alphard. Their cost is higher than some other devices, but the quality is noticeably better.

From metal tweeters, high-quality sound is produced by Dragster tweeters, the price of which starts from 1,500 rubles.

2. Frequency range. This criterion is the most important when purchasing tweeters, as it shows the reproduction capabilities of their heads, namely, the sounds of what frequency they can reproduce. This helps determine the choice of speaker system in which certain tweeters can be used. Basically, the indicator ranges from 2 to 20-30 kHz.

3. Impedance. The resistance of the tweeter coils should be equal to the resistance of the other components of the speaker system - from 2 to 16 Ohms.

4. High sensitivity. Due to the lightweight membrane and small dimensions, the tweeters have high sensitivity compared to other speakers. Thanks to this, the tweeters produce the desired volume level even at low power. It is worth remembering that the sensitivity of cheap devices is a maximum of 96 dB.

5. Tweeter caliber. Due to their small size, beepers come in calibers ranging from 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm).

6. Power. For tweeters, this parameter is not as important as for simple speakers, since a small amount of power is enough to create good high-frequency sound. However, many manufacturers offer tweeters with a power of 50 to 80 W, although in reality it is much less.

7. Price. This criterion is not so important, but you still need to take into account that HF speakers that are in a higher price category have better quality than speakers in the range of 200-500 rubles.

Features of tweeters - components of tweeters

The basis for the tweeter is a coil, which is located between the core and the magnet. It is tightly attached to a sound-emitting device - a dome-shaped membrane.

The sound emitted by the membrane occurs as follows:

at the moment of applying audio frequency voltage, a magnetic field is formed around the coil, interacting with the field of the magnet;
which provokes movement along the core with a simultaneous change in stress.

Basically, tweeters come with the following membranes:

from paper, which is used quite rarely, although it is the cheapest material;
made of silk, which is impregnated with a special composition, due to which the dome becomes more rigid. This material is often used in the manufacture of tweeters;
made of metal, membranes made of thin plates of aluminum or titanium provide the device with high quality sound reproduction. However, such tweeters have a fairly high price and some disadvantages that can only be eliminated when the audio system is installed by a professional.

The magnets of HF speakers, regardless of whether they are expensive or cheap, are powerful neodymium.

The most common are 2 types of tweeters, which differ in design features:

Conventional tweeters are small in size and have a flat or convex shape.
Horn tweeters are slightly larger in size than usual, especially in length. The horn in these devices provides the required radiation pattern.

How to choose the right tweeters

Tweeters are an important component of any car audio system. They are available for purchase at almost every electronics store. When buying these devices, be sure to pay attention to 3 parameters:

Range. Two boundaries: the lower tweeter and the upper midrange or mid-bass dynamics must have an intersection point. For example, for high-quality reproduction of the entire frequency spectrum, it is better to use a tweeter that has a lower limit of 3 kHz or lower, since the mid-frequency speaker has a limit of 4.5 kHz.
Resistance. You should only buy devices that have a resistance equal to the crossover resistance. If the tweeters are connected parallel to the main speakers, then their resistance should be greater.
The rated power of the devices should not be lower than the power rating of the amplifier.

Video: what is a crossover and how to choose tweeters.

The use of other parameters in the selection of tweeters is possible, but it is not so important and rather corresponds to the personal wishes and financial capabilities of the car enthusiast, as well as the technical characteristics of the car.

Types and principle of operation of HF heads

The reproduction of high frequencies has its own characteristics, so today there is a wide variety of “tweeters”, and very often in their designs solutions are used that are practically not used in midranges and, especially, in woofers. The reason for this is not difficult to understand.

Conventionally, the high-frequency range begins with frequencies of 3-5 kHz, and at 4 kHz the wavelength is about 8.5 cm, and at the maximum frequency accessible to human hearing (20 kHz) the wavelength is even 1.7 cm. This means that for To reproduce such frequencies, the emitting device of the loudspeaker must have small dimensions, and at the same time have very little inertia (that is, be very light) - this is the only way this device can be made to oscillate with a frequency of units and tens of kilohertz.

So, regardless of the type and device, all HF heads have small dimensions (usually 1-2 inches, that is, no more than 5 cm) and low weight.

Tweeters can be built on various principles; they come in the following types:

Today, the most widespread are “tweeters” of the electrodynamic type, that is, ordinary speakers, but only small in size and of a special design. Other types of tweeters in car audio systems find very limited use, so we’ll talk here specifically about electrodynamic type heads.

Correct connection and tweeter installation

During the process of installing a new speaker system, the owner may have the following problem: how to connect tweeters (tweeters) so that they work efficiently and without problems?

Choosing the right speakers and radio

First of all, specialized audio equipment is intended for installation in the car interior. Manufacturers of car speakers take into account not only sound quality, but also difficult operating conditions: vibration, dust, temperature changes, etc.

Is it possible to install household or variety speakers in a car?

Computer and concert speakers are designed for more gentle conditions. They most likely won't last long in a car.

In addition, computer speakers usually require not only a sound source, but also a separate power supply, without which they will not work, while car speakers are connected only to the output of an amplifier or radio.

In what places is it recommended to install tweeters?

Manufacturers recommend many places to place tweeters, most commonly at ear level. In other words, aim them as high as possible at the listener. But not everyone agrees with this opinion. This installation is not always convenient. It depends on the specific circumstances. And the number of installation options is quite large.

Corners of mirrors. During the trip they will not cause additional discomfort. Moreover, they will fit beautifully into the interior of the vehicle;
Dashboard. Installation can even be done using double-sided tape;
Podiums. There are two options here. The first is to install the tweeters in a standard podium (which comes with the tweeter), the second is to make the podium yourself. The latter case is more complicated, but it guarantees a better result.

Where is the best place to point tweeters?

When designing car audio, you can choose one of two options:

each tweeter is directed at the listener. That is, the right tweeter is directed at the driver, the left one is also aimed at him;
Diagonal installation. In other words, the tweeter on the right is routed to the left seat, while the speaker on the left is routed to the right.

The choice of one option or another depends on the individual preferences of the owner. To begin with, you can point the HF speakers towards yourself, and then try the diagonal method. After testing, the owner himself will decide whether to choose the first method or give preference to the second.

Selecting a mounting height

It is the tweeters that are a headache, even for experienced installers. These little speakers not only need to be placed in the right place, but also at the right angle in order for the scene to form correctly. Larger low-frequency speakers are always installed in one place - these are doors. Even component speaker manufacturers can't determine exactly where the tweeter will play best.

Therefore, several types of fasteners are included in the kit. A popular option is the "cup". It is designed for installing a tweeter in a car either on a rack or on a dashboard. The kit may also include a housing for installation on a surface. The most expensive tweeter options can rotate inside the housing for more precise directionality.

Connection features

A tweeter is an element of a stereo system whose task is to reproduce sound with a frequency from 3000 to 20,000 hertz. The radio tape recorder produces a full spectrum of frequencies, ranging from five hertz to 25,000 hertz.

The tweeter can only reproduce high-quality car audio with a frequency of at least two thousand hertz. If a lower-frequency signal is applied to it, it will not be reproduced, and if the power for which the mid- and low-frequency speakers are designed is high enough, the tweeter may fail. At the same time, there can be no question of any quality of playback. For long-lasting and reliable operation of the tweeter, you should get rid of the low-frequency components that are present in the general spectrum. That is, make sure that only the recommended range of operating frequencies falls on it.

The first and simplest way to cut off the low-frequency component is to install a capacitor in series. It passes well the high-frequency frequency band, starting from two thousand hertz and more. And does not pass frequencies below 2000 Hz. In fact, this is a simple filter, the capabilities of which are limited.

As a rule, the capacitor is already present in the speaker system, so there is no need for additional purchase. You should think about buying it if the owner decided to acquire a used radio and did not find a capacitor in the tweeter kit. It may look like this:

A special box to which a signal is sent and then transmitted directly to the tweeters.
The capacitor is mounted on the wire.
The capacitor is built directly into the tweeter itself.

If you do not see any of the options listed, you should purchase the capacitor separately and install it yourself. In radio stores their range is large and varied.

The range of filtered frequencies depends on the type of capacitor installed. For example, the owner can install a capacitor that will limit the range of frequencies supplied to the speakers at three or four thousand hertz.

Note! The higher the frequency of the signal supplied to the tweeter, the more detailed the sound can be achieved.

If you have a two-way system, you can choose a cutoff from two to four and a half thousand hertz.

Connection

Connecting the tweeter looks like this: it is connected directly to the speaker that is located in your door, plus the tweeter is connected to the plus of the speaker and the minus to the minus, while the capacitor must be connected to the plus. This is a practical tip for those who don't know how to connect tweeters without a crossover.

An alternative connection option is to use a crossover. Some models of car speaker systems already have it included. If not available, you can purchase it separately.

What kind of speakers are there?

Today, almost every car has a radio with speakers located in the front and rear and capable of pleasing the owner with decent sound. The market offers a variety of speaker systems that can satisfy the needs of even the most demanding music lovers. One simple option is to purchase a radio complete with speakers. A more difficult way is to correctly select and install acoustics that will match a specific car.

To get truly high-quality sound, you need to find out what types of dynamic heads exist. They are conventionally divided into:

broadband;
coaxial;
component.

Wideband speakers reproduce the entire spectrum of sound frequencies that human hearing can perceive. It is precisely this kind of acoustics that, in most cases, is equipped with cars from the factory today. If you are a lover of good sound, then preference should be given to coaxial dynamic drivers. The set consists of several columns, the installation of which is carried out along one axis. The entire frequency spectrum, divided into low-frequency (LF), mid-frequency (MF) and high-frequency (HF), is reproduced by separate speakers. By dividing and expanding the frequency range, the sound quality can be improved. For lovers of high-quality music with powerful bass, you should consider a component system, which is usually used as front speakers. In addition to different types of acoustic systems, speakers are divided by standard sizes, the choice of which depends on the installation location and the goals pursued.

Acoustic systems are divided into broadband, coaxial and component. You need to give preference to one or another speaker depending on your goals.

What are tweeters used for?

Car audio systems often use tweeters or tweeters. Their main purpose is to reproduce high-frequency sounds. You can purchase the elements either separately or as a set with a multi-component system. In appearance, such devices are small speakers that can improve the sound in a car, making it even louder and more voluminous. They are usually installed at the back or front, which depends on the speaker system circuit used.

Tweeters in a car are designed to reproduce high-frequency sounds, and they are installed in the side pillars of the windshield, doors, and dashboard

Other Features

Today, the most common tweeter option is the electrodynamic system. Structurally, it consists of a housing, a magnet, a coil with a winding, a diaphragm with a membrane, and power wires with terminals. When a signal is applied, current flows in the coil and an electromagnetic field is formed. It interacts with the magnet, mechanical vibrations occur, which are transmitted to the diaphragm. The latter creates acoustic waves, and sound is heard. To increase the efficiency of sound reproduction, the membrane has a specific dome shape.

Car tweeters typically use silk membranes. To obtain additional rigidity, the membrane is impregnated with a special compound. Silk is characterized by its ability to more effectively cope with high loads, temperature changes and dampness.

In the most expensive tweeters, the membrane is made of thin aluminum or titanium. This can only be found on very prestigious speaker systems. They are found quite rarely in a typical car audio system. The cheapest option is a paper membrane.

In addition to the fact that the sound is worse than in the two previous cases, such equipment has an extremely short service life. And this is not surprising, since paper cannot ensure high-quality tweeter performance in conditions of low temperature, high humidity and high load. When the car increases engine speed, an unusual sound may be felt.

Don't forget that you can also set up the tweeter using the radio. Even the cheapest models have the ability to adjust the high frequencies. In particular, mid-price models have a built-in equalizer, which greatly simplifies the task.

After installing the tweeter, you need to configure the audio system, and how to do this, read the article “How to configure a radio.”

Zvir90 › Blog › How to choose the right acoustics

There are a lot of companies producing acoustics, some of them are cheap Chinese, and some are very good and have a solid reputation.

So how can you tell them apart? In fact, this is very difficult to do. The rule of 10 companies written in the previous article no longer applies here, because There are already more than 200 manufacturers on the Russian market, and many of them are very good.

Young Chinese companies are also not exactly junk, but many sellers present them as cool American (European) ones, and sell them for two to three times more than their true price. The main thing is not to run into such companies and not buy acoustics for 100 dollars, the true price of which is 35-40. Here is a list of some companies (not all) that are worth buying: DLS, MTX, JBL, Focal, Hertz, Rockford Fosgate, Magnat, Boston Acoustic, Alpine, Blaupunkt, Nakamichi, Lightning Audio, Infinity, Morel

.Companies such as
Sony, Pioneer, Kenwood, JVC, Panasonic
are certainly not leftist, but I would refrain from buying acoustics from such manufacturers, because their sound is average, and the price is often very high, although they also have very worthy copies (especially if they are on sale).

When choosing acoustics in a car, you need to follow some rules:

1. The speaker suspension must be rubber (not fabric).

2. It is better to install spaced-apart acoustics (with separate tweeters) in front. It is better to use silk tweeters, because... their sound is softer, smoother and more detailed than others.

3. It is better to install acoustics in the back measuring either 6x9” (pancakes) or 17-20 cm.

4. The speakers should be fixed as tightly as possible. It is better to attach it to metal or wood.

5. If you need good sound, then it is better to install the front speakers in a podium.

6. If it is possible to install acoustics with a larger diameter, then it is better to do so.

The systems in the car are divided into 4 levels:

— mid-level system,

- high level system,

— competitive class system.

When choosing acoustics, first of all you need to proceed from the system you have chosen. Let's consider each of them separately.

In this case, I would advise installing inexpensive speakers from good companies. You can take acoustics from a not very well-known company, the main thing is not to run into a Chinese counterfeit. You can place both spaced and coaxial speakers in front. Back - pancakes. Price: front 20-40 USD, rear 30-50 USD It’s not worth installing more expensive acoustics, because... The simplest system is good and not expensive.

Mid-level system.

In this case, it is better to put forward the delivery of a good company and preferably with a silk tweeter. You can also think about installing front speakers in the podiums.

It's best to put the pancakes back. If you want to save money, it is better to buy cheaper speakers back and more expensive ones ahead. The main thing in car sound is the front speakers.

Example: front: rear: DLS B6 — $95 DLS1269 — $56 Magnat Clasic 216 — $85 Magnat Clasic 694 — $70 Alpine SPS-171A — $80 Nakamichi 692 — $70

As you can see in all the examples, the front speakers cost more than the rear ones.

High level system.

In this case, the choice of acoustics must be approached as seriously as possible. In general, you need to start choosing this system with acoustics, first putting in the highest quality separation (as much as your budget allows). They must not only be good in terms of sound, but also powerful in order to withstand the power of the amplifier. It is better to install them on podiums and soundproof the door. Back, depending on the system layout: if the rear speakers play directly from the radio, then you can use not very powerful speakers, but if from an amplifier, then the acoustics should be powerful. In both cases, the rear speakers should not pull the soundstage back. Therefore, back I would also recommend acoustics with a silk tweeter. If you put speakers with a metal tweeter in the back and a silk tweeter in front, the rear speakers will “whistle” so much that you will hear them, and the high-quality top of the front speakers will completely fade away in the “ringing” from the rear. The task of the front is to reproduce as full a range of frequencies as possible: top, middle and, if possible, upper bass. The rear's job is to add upper bass without pulling the soundstage back. The sub's job is to pump up the lower bass. You can place both coaxial and spaced speakers in the back, although there is no particular point in spaced speakers.

Competitive level systems.

In these systems, a 3-component system is put forward, as high quality and expensive as possible. For component speakers (tweeters, midrange and midbass), places are chosen so that the sound stage is as wide and deep as possible. Rear speakers, as a rule, are not installed at all, but not one, but two pairs of speakers are placed in front. Typically, channel amplification is used, that is, the tweeters are powered from one pair of amplifier channels, the middle from another, and the bass from a third. Choosing acoustics for these systems is quite difficult, so the choice should be entrusted to professionals.

When choosing acoustics, you need to take into account the nature of the sound that you like. Some people need a natural, natural, rich sound with deep and correct bass, some people want the sound to be loud, the top to ring, and the bass to squeeze their heads (like at a pop disco). For the former, I would recommend European components with silk tweeters (DLS, Magnat, Morel, Focal, Hertz), for the latter, American components (Boston Acoustic, Lightning Audio, Rockford Fosgate, JBL). Which sound is better is up to you to decide. I noticed that beginner sound lovers prefer American (disco sound), while more advanced ones prefer European. Also, do not forget about the problems of compatibility of head units with acoustics. Some car radios play well with some speakers and not at all with others.

How to connect speakers to a car radio

Before you begin installing and connecting the speakers, you need to decide on the location of their installation. Depending on the vehicle, there may be space provided for the speakers from the factory. It is recommended to mount the front speakers on the edges of the dashboard or in the doors. Both options are good, but the second is the most popular, since the dynamic heads can be secured more reliably. In addition, an acoustic podium can be built into the door body. The diameter of the columns must be measured, after which the dimensions are transferred to the doors, for example, with a sharp knife. It is advisable to use patterns to transfer dimensions.

As for the second pair of speakers, they are located in the rear of the cabin. Basically, the rear shelf or doors are used for these purposes. In any case, installation requires some modifications. The standard shelf of the car is a decorative element and to install the speakers you will need to remove it and install speakers with podiums. Only in this case can you count on high-quality sound and the absence of squeaks, rattles, etc.

Wire selection

To connect speakers, it is recommended to use speaker wires with a cross-section of 1.5–4 mm². Despite the fact that compared to a radio and speakers they are low in cost, their quality should not be neglected. First of all, you need to know and take into account that the wires that come with the speaker system are unsuitable for normal operation of the speakers: they have a cross-section of 0.25–0.5 mm². Such wiring will be sufficient only for connecting low-power dynamic heads (up to 15–20 W). The thing is that the RF signal in the wire spreads across its surface. Using wires of small cross-section, not only the quality, but also the volume of the sound deteriorates.

Speaker wires should be selected with a cross-section of 1.5–4 mm², which depends on the signal strength. You should not use the wires that come with the speakers due to their small cross-section, which will negatively affect the sound quality

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the speaker wires are marked, can have either two or four pairs, be plain or with a black stripe. The connection of a single-color conductor is made with a wide contact of the speaker, with a black marking - with a narrow one. If the acoustics have low power (up to 20 W), then the minus for the side and rear speakers can be used. For higher power systems, “+” and “-” must be supplied to each speaker separately, while the negative wire cannot be connected to the car body. Otherwise, the sound will be distorted. The main materials used for making acoustic wire cores are copper and aluminum. It is preferable to use copper, since it oxidizes less on connections, but it is also more expensive compared to aluminum. There are also more expensive wires - silver.

The speaker has positive and negative terminals that differ in size. When connecting, you must observe polarity

Soundproofing doors

When deciding to install speakers in the door, you should take into account that it will not be possible to achieve good sound without sound insulation. In this case, the following conditions must be met:

carry out measures aimed at vibration isolation of doors, which will avoid rattling when playing low frequencies;
a closed volume is made inside the door, which will provide detailed sound;
the speaker is securely fixed to the surface of the door;
soundproof the door to reduce noise levels from outside;
they carry out treatment against vibrations and squeaks of the door trim, which will avoid rattling and overtones when listening to music loudly.

During installation work, one must strive to preserve both the appearance of the interior and the integrity of the trim, which requires care when removing the trim material. Standard speakers are attached directly to the trim. This option is not correct, since the required rigidity is not provided. The casing sways during sound, overtones and resonance are created, and the response to the low frequencies decreases. To achieve the required level of vibration and noise insulation, a Bimast spacer is applied to the outer part of the door body. The section of metal located opposite the hole for the standard dynamic head is covered with bitoplast to avoid standing waves.

In order for the sound to be of high quality, it is imperative to prepare the doors, namely soundproof them. This process will avoid rattling, squeaking and extraneous noise.

Tools and materials

To install the speakers you will need the following tools and materials:

high quality speaker cable;
plastic and rubber corrugation;
multimeter;
insulating material;
drill and drill bits;
spacer rings;
wire cutters;
Screwdriver Set.

How to lay wires

If the doors do not have holes for laying wires, make them yourself, while avoiding contact between the wire insulation and metal or plastic. For these purposes, special rings or rubber corrugation are used. To lay the cable to the rear speakers, it is most convenient to place the wires parallel to the standard wiring, which will require removing the decorative interior trim and disassembling the dashboard. The procedure is labor-intensive, but it is better to do everything wisely right away than to later face possible problems by laying wires, for example, under a rug.

What is a tweeter and why is it needed?

A tweeter (from English tweet - twitter, tweet) is a speaker designed for high-quality reproduction of high-frequency sounds in the audible range (2000-20000 Hz). Why is it needed?

Firstly, car manufacturers often skimp on the standard audio system and limit themselves to installing a pair of inexpensive full-range speakers in the doors. “Failure” of high frequencies on such speakers is a common occurrence. The problem can be solved by replacing the standard wideband speakers with coaxial ones, or by installing tweeters in addition to the standard ones.

Secondly, the presence of tweeters is necessary if you value good sound and decide to install component acoustics in your car, i.e., such acoustics in which each frequency band is sounded by a separate speaker: HF - tweeters, MF - full-range speakers, LF - subwoofers . Despite all the promise of coaxial acoustics, component acoustics are still considered the best solution for ensuring purity and sound quality.

Purpose of high-frequency heads (“tweeters”)

It is impossible to build a high-quality car audio system based on two speakers - due to design features, one loudspeaker head cannot reproduce all frequencies of the audio range (from 20 to 20,000 Hz) at once. The high-frequency part of the range especially suffers: the speakers reproduce low and mid frequencies well, but the high frequencies are lost - this leads to an overall decrease in playback quality, the music scene becomes “ethereal”, and listening to musical compositions is simply not enjoyable. How to solve this problem?

There is a solution - you need to trust the reproduction of high frequencies to special high-frequency speakers. Such speakers are called “tweeters” or tweeters, which well reflects their essence.

Typically, tweeters for car audio systems are made in the form of compact speakers (literally three to five centimeters in diameter), which can be conveniently placed on the front panel or front pillars. Also, high-frequency speakers are part of coaxial speaker systems, but they are fundamentally no different from tweeters sold separately.

Installation and connection of tweeters.

Before you start choosing a tweeter model, it would be useful to decide on where to install them. Installing tweeters has several features that should not be forgotten so as not to be disappointed in their purchase:

The human ear is very good at determining the direction of a high-frequency sound source, so tweeters should not be located at a great distance from the corresponding full-range speakers. If this requirement is neglected, a “floating” stereo effect may occur, in which the apparent direction to the sound source will change depending on the frequency. The maximum allowable distance is 6 inches - about 21 cm. Based on this, you should choose the location of the tweeter.
if you have rear midrange speakers installed and they play at the same volume as the front ones, tweeters should also be installed at the back - to prevent the same “floating” stereo effect
if the location of the tweeter is closer to the driver’s ear than the location of the wideband speaker, the tweeter should be selected with a sensitivity lower than that of the main speaker, otherwise the high frequencies will “crush” the rest with volume

Component acoustics
The sound picture for the driver and passenger is the same and balanced, since the deviations from the tweeter axes for both ears of both the driver and the passenger are also the same.	The sound picture is balanced for both driver and passenger, but the driver receives higher quality and louder sound

Many tweeters have a rather narrow directivity pattern, i.e., the sound quality deteriorates noticeably as the ear moves away from the directional axis. Therefore, both tweeters are either directed directly at the driver’s ears, or to a point between the front seats - then the deviation from the axes of both tweeters is the same, for both the driver and the passenger.
there should be no obstacles between the tweeter and the listener
The high-frequency sound of the tweeter is well reflected from the car windows, so the tweeters must be positioned so that the reflections of the sound cone from the windows do not enter the listener’s ears, distorting the sound picture. Imagine that instead of a tweeter you put a flashlight and you need to install it so that the reflection of the light from this flashlight in any of the glasses is not visible
It is not necessary to place the tweeter directly in front of your ear, but it is worth raising it higher to reduce reflections that can occur (and degrade sound quality) when the tweeter is mounted in a door or at the bottom of the dashboard

Based on the listed requirements, the most suitable places for installing tweeters are doors, mirror corners, dashboard, and side pillars.

Connecting a tweeter also has its own characteristics - tweeters do not like it when a low-frequency signal is supplied to them, especially a low-frequency signal with a large amplitude. If you connect the tweeters not to the amplifier's low-frequency crossover, but to the wideband output of the radio, then the tweeter can quickly fail.

Therefore, most tweeters are equipped with a simple crossover - an ordinary capacitor that filters low-frequency vibrations quite effectively. As a rule, such a capacitor is included in the package of the tweeter itself and is either already soldered to the terminal or to the mounting wires with which the tweeters should be connected to the amplifier (radio tape recorder). Before connecting tweeters, make sure that a capacitor is present in the circuit of each tweeter, otherwise the very first turn on of the acoustics may be the last for the tweeters. If there are no capacitors, it doesn’t matter - you can select them using the formula

and solder them to the positive terminals of the tweeter.

Width selection

We’ve decided on the height of the stage, but what does the width depend on? The width of the stage depends on the angle of the tweeter. Just like with height, here you need to try all the options. The most popular version is when both speakers are facing each other.

Selecting the tweeter direction angle:

to the salon;
on reflection from the windshield.

The choice of radiation angle is one of the most important factors, since the matching of the HF and LF/MF speakers depends on it. The most favorable orientation when installing the tweeter height is the listener's mouth. If the angle of the tweeter is changed slightly, or the installation height is chosen, the stage will be disrupted and the sound quality will decrease.

It is important that when installing a tweeter in a car with your own hands, choose a location such that there are no reflective objects near it, within approximately a radius of 5 cm. This will make it possible to achieve a strong reduction in the number of standing waves in the RF path.

In the second case, achieving the correct scene will be much easier, since the physical location of the tweeters relative to the glass will be closer. The vast majority of tweeters play too harshly when directed into the cabin.

Tweeter characteristics.

Prices for various tweeter models differ tens of times – from a thousand rubles to tens of thousands. Both the brand of the tweeter and its characteristics contribute to the price - you can choose a model to suit any budget, but you should keep in mind that the class of the tweeter must correspond to the class of the other components of the audio system. Just as there is no point in installing expensive tweeters next to simple cheap broadband speakers, there is no point in saving on tweeters in a Hi-End audio system.

The diameter of tweeters varies from 2 to 10 cm, models with high power usually have a larger diameter, but there is no obvious relationship here, and the diameter of the tweeter should be considered as a purely geometric characteristic: a small tweeter, as a rule, has an easier place to find.

The maximum tweeter power (PMPO) is the short-term (up to 2 seconds) signal power that the speaker can withstand without damage. If the maximum power of the amplifier is higher than the maximum power of the tweeters, you should refrain from listening to music at close to maximum volume - especially music with sudden and prolonged changes in volume. But it should be borne in mind that there is no standard procedure for measuring maximum power and when choosing speakers it is better to focus not on it, but on the rated power.

power rating (RMS) is that at which it can operate for an hour without danger of damage. It is this characteristic that should be used when selecting. You should also focus on the power of the amplifier to which the tweeter will be connected. The tweeter power should be comparable to the power of the amplifier (radio tape recorder). If there are large differences in the power of the tweeter and amplifier, you should refrain from listening to music at high volumes: if the power of the amplifier exceeds the power of the tweeters, loud music can simply burn the latter. And if the tweeter power exceeds the amplifier power, it can enter “clipping” mode, delivering an extremely harmful high-frequency high-power signal to the speaker. When wheezing, crackling and clicking appear in the tweeter sound - clear signs of “clipping” - you should immediately reduce the volume and not increase it further to this level. For high-power systems, it is better to use tweeters with ferromagnetic fluid suspension - in such tweeters, thermal energy is removed much more efficiently and it is better able to withstand peak loads.

Tweeters are highly sensitive - even the cheapest models provide 95 dB. But if the sensitivity of tweeters is greater than the sensitivity of full-range speakers, then the volume of high frequencies will be noticeably greater than the volume of other frequencies. In this case, either the tweeters should be moved further from the listener's ears, or the level of high frequencies on the head unit should be reduced.

impedance or internal resistance must be exactly matched by the amplifier. If you connect a speaker with an impedance of 2 ohms to an output rated for at least 4 ohms, the amplifier's output stage may burn out, unable to withstand twice the current. If, on the contrary, you connect an 8 ohm load to an output designed for a maximum of 4, then the sound of the speaker will be much quieter than if the connection were made correctly.

Tweeters are often connected in parallel to a full-range speaker. It should be remembered that the overall impedance changes! It is calculated using a formula corresponding to the connection type.

When selecting a tweeter, remember that the minimum frequency of the tweeter should be lower than the maximum frequency of the full-range (or mid-range) speaker - this will ensure an even amplitude-frequency response of the entire system.

The maximum tweeter frequency cannot be lower than 20,000 Hz. As a rule, all tweeter models meet this standard. But some have a much higher maximum frequency - 22,000, 30,000 and even 50,000 Hz. What's the point of this? Of course, the human ear cannot hear such frequencies. Such frequencies are rather an indicator of the perfection of the equipment and some guarantee that in the audible region up to 20,000 Hz the frequency response of the tweeter will be as smooth as possible.

Before purchasing a tweeter, pay attention to the diffuser of the selected model. Dome-shaped diffusers provide a wider sound cone and reduce the requirements for maintaining the direction at the listener's ear, but they also generate more reflections in the space of the car. The diffuser itself can be made of silk (most often), paper (a budget option, fraught with a short service life) and metal (the most expensive option).

Recommendations for selecting HF heads

You can choose tweeters for a car based on many parameters, but three of them are the most important.

The range of reproduced frequencies - the lower limit of the HF head and the upper limit of the midrange (or midrange-bass) speaker must intersect. For example, if the upper limit of the reproduced frequencies of a mid-frequency speaker is at 4.5 kHz, then it is better to take a tweeter with a lower limit of 3-4 kHz or even lower - this ensures that the audio system will reproduce the entire spectrum of frequencies without dips.

Impedance - You must purchase tweeters whose nominal impedance is equal to the output impedance of the crossover. If the tweeters are simply connected in parallel to the main speakers, then their impedance should be higher, or you can use a powerful resistor of units of Ohms (after all, when the speakers are connected in parallel, their total resistance decreases according to the formula (R1+R2)/2).

Power - the rated power of the tweeters must be no less than the output power of the car radio amplifier.

The choice of tweeters based on other parameters may correspond to personal preferences, financial capabilities and vehicle capabilities, since they do not play such a role as the technical characteristics stated above.

Which car acoustics are the best?

Car acoustics is a thing that is seriously different from any other area of sound. This is primarily due to the fact that the interior volume is extremely limited, and already has a very noticeable impact on the final result. The very places for installing speakers available in cars can terrify any audiophile: by all standards, it simply cannot sound, and especially the speakers in the doors, because instead of a calculated and correctly configured rear volume, we get a metal box with power windows inside. The choice of materials is also limited: no matter how great non-impregnated (and especially not reinforced) high-end paper speakers sound at home, in a car they will quickly fail due to changes in temperature and humidity.

The simplest version of car speakers is wideband , in which a single diffuser is forced to play the entire frequency range. But this is also the worst option: in order to ensure the processing of high frequencies, the diffuser has to be made light and fragile, and it will noticeably wheeze, deforming, even at a low bass level.

There are two recipes to combat this. The first is coaxial acoustics : one or more additional speakers are attached in the center of the main speaker. By making the main diffuser stronger, we will ensure acceptable lows and mids, and the high frequencies will be played by the central diffuser, which is light and soft. But all parts of the coaxial speaker will play in one direction, and in a car these are primarily the driver’s feet (front acoustics) and the rear window.

In component acoustics, each band of the spectrum is represented by its own speaker in a separate housing. The tweeter here is not limited by the cone of the main diffuser, and during installation it can be directed in the most comfortable way for hearing. The frequency separation itself here occurs not with a primitive filter, as in coaxial acoustics, but with a serious crossover, which will allow you to ideally divide the sound spectrum into those speakers that should process it.

The simplest example of the difference in sound is budget and luxury cars. The former have cheap broadband speakers installed from the factory, and even installing coaxial acoustics in standard places already improves the sound - the “highs” become cleaner, the “lows” become more energetic and powerful. But now compare the sound with the standard component acoustics of a high-end car, where the sound stage can be formed by more than a dozen speakers: you must agree, the difference is colossal. With the help of a set of component acoustics and a competent installer, you can achieve excellent sound in your car, even if it is not a Maybach. The main thing is to make the right choice.

So, the winners of the nominations in the ranking of the best car speakers...

Category	Place	Name	Rating	Price
The best coaxial car speakers	1	Hertz MPX 165.3	9.6 / 10	12 300
2	Alpine SPR-50	9.4 / 10	6 990
3	Focal 165 AC	9.1 / 10	6 170
4	Morel Tempo Coax 6	9.0 / 10	4 300
5	Pioneer TS-1339	8.2 / 10	1 990
The best component car audio	1	Hertz MLK 1650.3	9.7 / 10	49 900
2	Morel Virtus 603	9.6 / 10	29 700
3	Audison Voce AV K6	9.5 / 10	25 900
The best inexpensive component car speakers	1	Audison Prima APK 165	9.8 / 10	11 700
2	Audio System Radion 165	9.6 / 10	8 830
3	Hertz ESK 165.5	9.3 / 10	10 200
4	Alpine SPG-17CS	9.2 / 10	6 570
5	Kicker CSS674	9.1 / 10	6 603
The best 6x9 car speakers	1	Morel MAXIMO-Coax6x9	9.4 / 10	3 990
2	Alpine SPG-69C3	9.0 / 10	4 380
3	Polk Audio DB691	8.9 / 10	8 210
4	Focal Integration ICU690	8.9 / 10	6 950
The best cabinet car speakers	1	Mystery MJ 105BX	8.1 / 10	1 310

Do-it-yourself replacement of standard speakers

The least expensive way to improve the sound inside a car, both in terms of money and effort, is to replace the standard wideband speakers with two- or three-way coaxial ones.

The standard place for the “native” speakers is the lower front corner of the doors. For replacement, it is advisable to select speakers of the same size as the standard ones. Larger speakers generally sound better, but they will require a larger mounting hole in the door.

Installation Tools

To replace the speakers you may need the following tool:

jigsaw,
electric drill,
Phillips and flathead screwdrivers,
knife,
soldering iron,
pliers,
set of car keys,
panel puller,
file,
insulating tape,
plastic clamps for fastening wires.

Video: learning how to independently connect speakers to a car radio

The best coaxial car speakers

Among the speakers we selected for our rating of the best car speakers, Hertz stands out noticeably, but it was impossible to pass by. Coaxial speakers are most often used in simple installations without high requirements for sound quality, and not everyone is going to buy coaxial speakers at the price of good component acoustics.

However, in terms of sound, these car speakers are definitely worthy of the title of one of the best 16-centimeter coaxial speakers offered on our market. The 20mm tweeter diffuser, made of Tetolon and covered with a phase-equalizing cap, is located directly in the center of the midrange driver, and not moved forward, which promises a more even sound directional pattern. The midrange driver is made of reinforced cellulose.

After 5 kHz, the amplitude-frequency response begins to “play,” having previously been quite flat. Its peak, and a noticeable one, is around 12 kHz. Wow, the tweeter actually plays, and does not serve as decoration, like on cheap coaxial speakers. Moreover, the speakers have one feature that is not reflected in the description: they must be installed in doors in a strictly defined position, the tweeter cap guides must be directed vertically: in this case, the frequency response becomes smoother, and the discrepancy between the left and right ears is due to the different directional angle on the listener becomes minimal - and this is precisely the main problem of coaxial speakers.

And it is for this feature that we will give Hertz first place. If coaxial acoustics can sound good, then they call it MPX 165.3. In addition, nonlinear distortions here are at the level of high-end speakers: if in the bass they inevitably rise to 0.68%, then they do not reach further than 0.5%.

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