How to connect speakers to an amplifier in a car: ways to connect speakers through an amplifier in a car

Organizing acoustics for a car or home involves connecting speakers and an amplifier into a single circuit. This procedure is carried out according to the rules, since only in this case losses and distortions when playing music are minimized. Anyone can easily use the appropriate circuit and be able to connect the speakers to the amplifier themselves.

Connection diagram for an amplifier in a car

Connecting car speakers to the amplifier is carried out with copper stranded wires, which can be laid in the lower part of the car or on top under the decorative upholstery.
The top connection is considered more reliable. The subwoofer is usually placed in the trunk of a car, so it should be securely mounted. The amplifier output is implemented in the form of screw terminals or via RCA connectors (Tulip). In the second case, it is better to purchase a ready-made set of connecting cables. It is not difficult to connect a car amplifier to the radio, since its outputs and inputs of the amplifier are equipped with RCA connectors. The outputs of the left and right channels of the car radio are connected to similar input connectors of the terminal device. All screw connections should be tightened to maximum torque to ensure reliable contact when driving on any road. If you do everything correctly, according to the descriptions and drawings, then there will be no problems connecting a sound amplifier in the car.

Preparing for installation

If you don’t know how to install and connect an amplifier in a car, then you need to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances of this issue. Simply installing a subwoofer where it is convenient for you is not the best option. In order for the sound to be of the highest quality, you should take into account several points, which we will discuss below.

Choosing a place for the amplifier

Before connecting the amplifier to the radio, you need to decide on the location. The location determines the length of wires that will be used to connect the device to the speakers. If you decide to install a subwoofer in the trunk, then keep in mind that to connect to the radio, you will need to buy wires to connect to it and to the speakers. This is about 5 meters for a multimedia system and about 3-5 meters for each speaker. This parameter must be accurately calculated, since the cables will be laid in the casing, and therefore not in a straight section.

When choosing a location for the device, keep in mind that the sub generates a lot of heat. To correctly install the element according to the diagram, select a place where there will be normal air circulation. Never place the sub on its side or upside down, or cover the device with things or rugs. If the amplifier is installed under the driver's seat, you can save on wiring, especially since the shorter the cable length, the better the sound. Since part of the signal may be lost on a long wire.

If you decide to install two amplifiers with linear outputs, then one of them can be placed in front and connected to the speakers, and the second one can be placed in the back and connected to the subwoofer.

There are many options for correctly installing a device with a linear output and connecting it to the car’s standard radio; we will consider each of them briefly:

In the front of the car, in the center. This option of installing the amplifier with two or one linear output is optimal. You will be able to achieve excellent communication with the speakers, and accordingly, the level of the transition frequency will be expanded. If you are the owner of a small car, i.e. there is little free space in front, this option for connecting the device will not be possible. It is relevant for minibuses or SUVs, but in any case, the subwoofer must be of its own size.
In the luggage compartment, the speaker is facing forward. If there are two amplifiers with linear outputs, then one can be installed in front, and the second in this way. You will need more wires for this project, but the device will be located in the rear and will not affect the available space in the cabin.
The option of installing an amplifier with a linear output on the rear parcel shelf will be relevant for vehicles in a coupe or sedan. The rear shelf must be strong and withstand heavy loads.
Under the driver's or passenger's seat is another option for installing the component in a car and connecting it to the standard radio. This way you can always dismantle the device if necessary and check its functionality. If the device is installed in front, it can be connected to the standard radio and two speakers. This will require fewer wires and this will be correct, because the shorter the wire length, the better the sound will be.

A simple circuit for connecting an amplifier to car speakers

Wires for connection

Installation of the amplifier and connection to the standard car radio and two or four speakers is carried out using special wires. It's simple - go to the store and buy a ready-made set of cables for installation. If the wires are made in China, then keep in mind that the sound quality will be lower, but this option will be optimal if you are doing this procedure for the first time. But if you want to achieve excellent sound quality from two speakers or four, then it is advisable to purchase these cables separately.

There are no exact rules for installing the device in a car, but the best option would be to use stranded copper wires. Remember that regular single-core wires are not suitable for this; buy only multi-core cables. If you are performing the installation procedure for the first time, we recommend purchasing PVA wires - they are sold in a specialized electrical store. For the front two and rear speakers, PVS wires 2*2.5 are suitable, for tweeters - 2*1.5, and if you decide to additionally install a subwoofer, then the marking should be 2*4. Much depends on the length of the cable and the power of the speakers - if the wire is long, then it should be the thickest.

Selecting wires to connect the amplifier

Now let's look at how to connect an amplifier in a car. Nowadays there are entire kits for connecting acoustics on sale. However, the quality of the wires in the kits is rather questionable. The best option is to purchase special speaker wires.

Important! Household wires are not suitable for connecting the speaker system.

For the rear and front speakers, a PVA cable with a cross-section of 2x2.5 mm is suitable, for high-frequency (tweeters) a wire with a cross-section of 2x1.5 mm is suitable, for a subwoofer 2x4 mm.

Important! Rule: the longer the conductor, the thicker it should be.

The amplifier is powered from the battery using wires of type KG-25 or 35.

Grounding

This point is of great importance for the reliable operation of an amplifier connected in bridge mode. The ground connection can be made directly at the installation site of the device. To do this, take a short piece of thick insulated wire. A common bare braided cable will do.

One end of the wire is connected to the negative terminal of the car amplifier, and the other is inserted between the bracket or bar securing the device and the floor of the body.

After this, the connection point is treated with WD-40 to increase reliability and protect against corrosion, and the nut or bolt is tightened.

To avoid interference in the speakers, the body of the device should not be allowed to come into contact with the body of the car. Otherwise, ground loops will form, which will lead to unpleasant interference. To isolate the housing from the car body, you can place a strip of rubber under the mounting bracket.

Do-it-yourself installation of an amplifier in a car

And now about how to install the amplifier in the car.

We fasten the amplifier with self-tapping screws or bolts in the selected location.
The next step is to connect the amplifier to the radio. If the device is four-channel, then two interconnect wires are required, if it is two-channel, then one wire is needed.
After this, the amplifier is connected to a power source. The mass can be found on the machine body.
We connect the control wire.
It is recommended to install a capacitor between the battery amplifier. It will prevent battery discharge and equipment failure.
Then we connect all the speakers and the subwoofer to the device. When connecting, observe the polarity, and also ensure that the wires are securely fastened, as vibrations cause them to move away and contact is lost.

Theory. Connection types

In electrical engineering there are two types of connections - series and parallel. With a series connection, the resistance is summed up; with a parallel connection, it becomes lower than the smallest of the connected ones. This is something worth remembering and will come in handy in order to connect your speakers correctly.

Basic formulas for parallel and serial connections

There is also a mixed connection. This is when serial chains and parallel connections are “mixed”. In this case, calculation formulas are used, gradually arriving at one of the “pure” circuits - parallel or sequential.

Mixed compound and its conversion to "simple"

The figure shows the sequential transformation of a complex mixed connection into a simple one.

General view

Ratio between amplifier and speaker power

In the old days, a lot depended on the power of the amplifier, and buyers relied on this parameter when making their choice. The price of the acoustics also depended on the power of the amplifier (see How to connect an amplifier and subwoofer to a car radio: you are your own master), its quality. Technologies began to develop and power eventually ceased to be a fundamental criterion. Playback quality comes first.

Why do you need power?

Amplifier to speaker ratio

Below is information that will be useful for every connoisseur of good sound to know:

The power of the amplifier directly affects the volume, but not only that. The device itself and its power cannot directly influence the volume of sound emitted by the speakers. And this component depends on the ratio of acoustics and amplifier.
The acoustic component known to everyone today, called “sensitivity,” is measured in decibels and indicates what sound pressure a certain acoustic system can develop (at a distance of 1 meter from it).
The usual sensitivity of modern speaker systems ranges from 83-105 decibels. A person during a quiet conversation emits a sound of 60 dB, loud rock music - 110 dB, but 120 dB or more already creates a real situation of complete loss of hearing for a person.

It is very important to measure the ratio of acoustics and amplifier at a distance of one meter, and not more or less. For example, a 3 W device paired with 105 dB acoustics will sound as loud as a 384 W amplifier with an acoustic sensitivity of 84 dB. When choosing this element of the system, you need to remember one more important rule: it must always have a power reserve. This will deprive the user of the inconvenient situation when it is necessary to turn the volume knob to the maximum, as a result of which, on some amplifiers, quite large sound distortions can be observed. If you imagine a rotator in the form of a clock (many modern devices do this), then a comfortable volume level should be achieved when rotating the rotary until 10-11 o’clock. All acoustic models can be divided into 2 large groups

This is a group where 4-ohm systems are collected and a group where 8-ohm systems are collected.

If you imagine a rotator in the form of a clock (many modern devices do this), then a comfortable volume level should be achieved when rotating the rotary until 10-11 o’clock. All acoustic models can be divided into 2 large groups. This is a group where 4-ohm systems are collected and a group where 8-ohm systems are collected.

Acoustics 6 ohm amplifier 8 ohm

For owners of 8-ohm acoustics, the ratio of parameters will not be particularly important. In this case, it is much better to concentrate your attention on the sound. On the contrary, those with 4-ohm systems would be wise to look at amplifiers that can double the power as the ohm drops. For example, such a device should output 100 W at 8 Ohms, and 200 W at 4 Ohms. At the same time, we must also not forget about the sound quality of the amplifier

Acoustics for marcantz amplifier

Typically, 4-ohm acoustics are chosen by connoisseurs of bass and rhythmic music. When playing low frequencies, 8 ohm acoustics make the bass a little vague and indistinct.
On the other hand, among amplifiers that do not double the power, there are much more devices worthy of attention in terms of build quality.
All types of acoustics can also be divided into simple and complex, from the point of view of their relationship with the amplifier. This depends not only on the above factors, but also on such components as the size of the speakers, their design, etc. Complex types of speaker systems complicate the process of controlling the speakers for the device (see How to choose speakers for a car radio on your own). As you know, a good amplifier not only instantly sets the speaker cone in motion, but is also obliged to stop it when the signal stops.

Amplifier 8 ohm acoustics 6 ohm

Damping factor is the name given to an amplifier's ability to drive speaker cones. In more powerful devices, this parameter is usually better and has good current output.

In short, choosing the right amplifier is a real art.

Daisy chaining of speakers

A daisy chain connection is when they are switched on one after the other, like carriages. If you look at the diagram, the wires are connected like this. We feed the minus from the output of the amplifier to the minus of speakers A, and the plus to the plus of loudspeaker B. And we connect their free inputs (plus at A and minus at B) to each other.

Connecting speakers in series: resistance adds up, output power drops

Please note that the impedance of the speaker chain increases. It is summed up from all components. In the example, two 2 Ohm speakers are connected in series. The total resistance is already 4 Ohms. This connection is good if the amplifier cannot operate with a low-impedance load. Low resistance is 2 ohms and below. In this case, either speakers with a higher resistance are connected, or low-impedance ones are connected in series.

How to connect three or more speakers in series

How to connect three speakers in series to one channel? Yes, everything is the same - one by one. Minus, apply to minus first (A); plus - to the plus of the third C (or last). We connect the free plus from element A to the minus of element B. Then we feed plus B to minus C. So we get a chain of three speakers connected to one channel.

How to connect 3 speakers to 1 channel in series

If you need to connect four or more fragments in series to one channel, simply insert them in the middle. Don't forget that circuit resistance adds up. With each new element in the chain it becomes larger.

Power in series connection

As the resistance increases, the output power will drop. How many watts will each speaker receive when connected in series? And you can count. There is a formula - it is in the picture.

Input power is the power that the amplifier will put into the channel, that is, what we are trying to calculate. The measured power is that indicated in the characteristics (what goes into the channel according to the passport data). And Zr is the resistance at which the power was measured. It is usually written in the characteristics as the minimum load on the channel. And the total resistance is the resistance of the speakers that you plan to “hang” on this channel.

Formula for calculating the actual power supplied to the amplifier channel

Let's apply the formula with an example. Let us have a 2-channel amplifier that outputs 100 W (2*100 W) to each channel. It cannot work with low-resistance loads (2 Ohms and below). Therefore, it was decided to connect two speakers with a resistance of 2 Ohms in series for each channel. We substitute the data into the formula: 100 W * (4 Ohm / 8 Ohm) = 100 W * 0.5 = 50 W. This is what will go into each channel.

The power of the speakers must be selected so that it is 10-20% higher than the power that will be received by it. In this case, any loudspeaker will work for a long time. And if you take the power “back to back”, then even the highest quality speaker will very soon wheeze and will need to be replaced .

Since there will be two loudspeakers on the channel with the same parameters, the channel power will be divided in half. So we get that each speaker will receive 25 watts. If you add the desired power reserve, you will have to look for speakers with a power of at least 30-35 W.

Multi-way speaker systems.

Speaker systems differ in the number of frequency bands into which the amplifier's output signal is divided.

In single-way speaker systems, the entire output of the amplifier is sent to one or more identical speakers.

In two and three-way speakers, the amplifier signal is separated using passive filters that are located inside the speaker housing. Such systems use dynamic heads designed to reproduce a certain audio frequency band.

Speakers are divided into four groups: high-frequency, mid-frequency, low-frequency and full-range. By their name you can guess what frequency range they reproduce.

There are also multi-band speaker systems that do not contain bandpass filters. Such systems require a signal already divided into bands corresponding to the sound heads. In such cases, multi-band amplifiers or external filters (crossovers) are usually used.

Body care

The speaker housing should only be cleaned with a dry cloth, or with a small amount of furniture polish that does not contain silicone.

If you want to use an aerosol for cleaning, first remove the protective grille by carefully pulling it out from the frame. Spray the aerosol on the cleaning cloth, not on the body

Test the effect of the aerosol first on a small area of the surface, because... Some substances may cause discoloration. Avoid abrasive, acidic, alkaline or antibacterial substances. Avoid contact of detergents with the fabric of the protective grille, as There may be stains on it. The fabric of the grilles can be cleaned with a regular clothes brush or a vacuum cleaner attachment. When installing the grills (grills) into place, ensure that the pins are perfectly aligned with the intake holes in the housing before pressing on them. Avoid touching the speaker cones, especially the tweeters, as this may damage them.

Important to remember:

Your speakers are designed to provide years of trouble-free operation and require no maintenance other than an occasional dusting with a soft, dry, lint-free cotton cloth. Plastic elements can also be wiped with a soft cloth. Handle the varnished surface very carefully to avoid scratching the finish. To remove fingerprints and smudges, apply a small amount of diluted neutral detergent without ammonia or alcohol to the fabric and gently scrub the surface. Never use abrasive cleaners or chemicals to clean the cabinet. If the cabinet becomes noticeably scratched or otherwise damaged, take it to a qualified furniture repair shop. Do not spray insecticide near the pumps. To remove dust from the grille fabric, use a vacuum cleaner on low suction. Do not wash the grate in water as water may discolor the grate or make it uneven. Never apply suction or compressed air to a tweeter or super tweeter. If the surfaces of the woofer cones become dusty, you can gently clean them with a soft, dry calligraphy brush or paint brush. Do not use a damp cloth.

All wiring connections should be periodically inspected and cleaned or reworked.

The frequency of maintenance depends on the metals involved in the joints, atmospheric conditions and other factors.

Setting up the amplifier

Traditionally, several settings are used.

The sensitivity on the amplifier is designated as Level, possibly Gain.

LowFrequency (LPF) – low pass filter. This adjustment allows you to cut off as much of the subwoofer's low frequencies as possible.

HighFrequency (HPF) – cuts off the low end of high frequencies. Designed to adjust high and mid frequency speakers.

Crossover or x-over is a switch between high and low pass filters.

Turn the sensitivity to minimum.
On the radio, set the volume to maximum or almost maximum. Until distortion begins to appear in the sound. Now we begin to rotate the sensitivity control on the amplifier until significant sound distortion is heard. Turn it to a slightly lower level and leave it.
Reduce the volume on the radio.

This kind of simple theoretical knowledge will help you choose a good amplifier and correctly place it in the cabin.

How to connect

Connecting a two-channel amplifier using a bridge circuit is carried out in different ways depending on the radio, speakers and subwoofer used.

The connection method is also influenced by the number and characteristics of the components.

Radio tape recorder

The choice of the required method is determined by the connection diagram printed on the device label. Connecting the radio to a two-channel amplifier in bridging mode is carried out in the same way as to a standard one. There are 2 ways to transmit sound from the head unit.

In the first case, the connection is made using linear outputs. In the second case, the radio terminals intended for speakers are directly connected to the amplifier. If 2 amplifiers are used, then the linear output of the left channel is connected to the first, and the output of the right channel is connected to the second. The blue wire with a white stripe from the radio is connected to the input of the amplifier(s) power control relay.

Subwoofer

Before connecting a subwoofer to a two-channel amplifier, you should check its resistance. If the operating resistance of the amplifier is 4 ohms, then the subwoofer connected in bridging mode must have a resistance of 2 ohms. If these recommendations are not followed, the car audio system may become unstable.

To connect an amplifier to a subwoofer, connect its positive lead to the positive terminal of the left channel. The negative wire of the subwoofer is connected to the negative output of the right channel. As a result of this operation, the power of the sound reproduced by the subwoofer becomes higher. If you have a low-pass filter control, set the value from 100 to 250 Hz.

It is necessary to ensure that the speaker cones move in one direction. This provides the necessary sound quality at low frequencies. To carry out phasing, the subwoofers are connected in series.

After this, a AA battery is momentarily connected to the free wires. If the cones move in different directions, then the leads of one of the low-frequency loudspeakers change places. If it is necessary to connect both full-range speakers and a subwoofer, then a crossover is used for this.

Columns

Each bridged two-channel amplifier can only connect one speaker. It is worth considering that the sound of a car audio system in bridged mode will be monophonic due to channel combining. To get stereo sound in a car using the bridge method, there are several ways to connect 2 or more speakers to an amplifier.

One of them is to use another amplifier. Another is to connect the desired number of speakers in series to the bridged output. Full-range speakers are connected in the same way as a subwoofer. The high and low pass filter settings do not change. Thus, connecting a 2-channel amplifier via a bridge circuit will not cause any particular difficulties if the work is carried out correctly.

What is “rear fill” and how to use it effectively?

How to connect speakers in series and parallel? Speakers made from separate components are not suitable for these purposes and can negate all efforts, so it is better to use a pair of coaxial speakers.

The banana and double banana plugs connect directly into the hole in the center of the screw terminal stem.

Next to it is the signature - 8 Ohm, coil resistance. As for the maximum number of speakers connected in series, this parameter should be calculated based on their own resistance.

If you connect 30V loudspeakers to the amplifier, nothing good will happen and we categorically do not advise doing this, although it should be noted that there have been cases of similar use of technology, but they require extreme care and we will not talk about such experiments, so as not to introduce any temptation to do this. Their cutoff is adjusted around 80 Hz.

Therefore, when selecting a broadcast amplifier, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of expanding the system. To calculate the load on a given broadcast line, you simply need to add up all the values of the connected power at each speaker in the line.

Multi-way speaker systems.

It is much more difficult if there are two voice coils or you need to connect several subwoofers. However, such inclusion is not used in first-order filters, since in this case an AC short circuit will occur at frequencies above or below the cutoff frequency, respectively. The speakers must have the same impedance, and their sum should not exceed the impedance of the sound amplifier. Even the best speakers suffer from time to time

He's so precious! For example, in order to connect four speakers with a total impedance of 4 ohms.

The area where the fuse is located must be dry. That is, with speakers playing in different areas of the frequency spectrum. How to Connect Speakers Correctly

Scheme development

The connection diagram depends on the number of amplifier inputs, the location and power of the speakers, and the presence or absence of a subwoofer.

Power amplifiers are:

two-channel, designed to connect only a pair of speakers;
four-, used to connect two speakers and a subwoofer or four (there is also a daisy chain connection scheme for four speakers and a subwoofer);
six-, used for a standard connection of four pieces and a subwoofer.

It is also important to consider the rated power (W, W) and the resistance of all connected equipment (Ohm). They can be found either on device labels or in technical documents

The total connection resistance should not exceed the maximum permissible standard.

There are three ways to connect speakers to an amplifier.

Sequentially—speakers of the same type are alternately connected to each other and then to the device.
Parallel - performed by a polar connection directly to the outputs of the device, while their resistance and power may differ.
Series-parallel - used in cases where it is necessary to connect two columns with the same resistance and additional ones with other parameters.

Two-way front and subwoofer

Lower energy consumption of marker light bulbs can be achieved by replacing them with LED ones.

Each coil switching option is universal. Then the user begins to look for ways to upgrade the system at minimal cost. If you find an old Soviet amplifier and speakers in your closet or on your balcony, then do not rush to throw them away.

Remember: the main column is the one on which the main outputs, controls and indicator lights are located. The speakers must have the same impedance, and their sum should not exceed the impedance of the sound amplifier.

Any pair of speaker wires contains a cable with a black stripe - this is the negative wire, the other one is made in a monotonous color design. After instrument tuning, check the sound of the system or, better yet, use the services of an expert. Choosing a Speaker Cable Always use high quality cables that are affordable for your budget.

Solofication

Next, we calculate the resistance using a simplified formula, since we only have 2 arms connected in parallel. It is necessary to resort to certain tricks: you should split the RCA midbass using 2 Y-splitters. The quality of the tuning will not be affected, but you will also have to take into account the frequency response of the microphone. If the low-pass filter is steeper, you can select a different cutoff frequency.

True, most of them have been modified. As a rule, this is terminal “0”; in some cases it is designated as “COM” and terminal “B”. The plug connection may look different, but in any case the terminals are marked one way or another. The main feature of broadcast systems is the use of a matching transformer in the amplifier, which outputs a signal with level B into the line; in some cases it can be 30V, V, but we will consider these cases separately. Let us also draw attention to the fact that when designing passive isolation filters, the calculations use the impedance of the heads, the value of which is not constant and depends on the frequency.

Series, parallel and mixed speaker connection

It is better to connect no more than two speakers in series, since more speakers will greatly reduce the output power. Parallel connection of speakers When connecting speakers in parallel, fig. It is a serial RC circuit connected in parallel with the speaker. Next to it is the signature - 8 Ohm, coil resistance.

To charge the capacitor, you can use the resistor included with the device. It is important to remember here that their elements - capacitors and inductors - must be matched with the equivalent load resistance of a given amplification channel. HOW TO CONNECT SPEAKERS AND SUBWOOFERS TO THE RIGHT RESISTANCE. THEORY.

Connecting speakers affects sound quality. If you connect speakers with less resistance than allowed, the amplifier will break or the speakers will fail. The wheezing music speaks volumes about this. With more, we won’t achieve the desired volume. So it’s worth paying more attention to the selection of their resistances and the choice of switching circuit.

Connection

After studying the types and types, we move on to the question of how to connect a subwoofer to a car radio without an amplifier:

To start connecting an active subwoofer, first we find two inputs on the back panel of the car radio, then using a linear wire we connect the input of the head unit to the subwoofer input. Then we connect the power - to do this we stretch the power wire from the “plus” terminal of the battery to the subwoofer A “negative” » we connect the subwoofer and the battery with a wire. When connecting an active subwoofer to a car radio, it is necessary to install an additional (very important) component - a fuse. It should be installed near the battery itself. The installation diagram of a subwoofer without an amplifier is shown in the first picture of the article. When low-frequency sounds are played, the subwoofer's electrical power consumption increases significantly , as a result of this, the load on the elements supplying the on-board network of the machine increases. Therefore, for the safety of the power circuit, an additional capacitor is installed in the subwoofer power circuit

After connecting the subwoofer to the car radio, we proceed to setting up our speaker system
As a rule, the whole setup comes down to creating a limit for the upper limit of operation for the woofer, then choosing the correct oscillation phase for the speaker

Now, how to connect a subwoofer in a car without an amplifier, you usually have to completely redo the audio power system, so here is an approximate list of necessary purchases:

5 meters 8AWG power cable(red)
1 meter of cable 8 AWG black
5 meters of control cable (thin) with a cross section of 0.75 mm
Fuse holder FH58
40 Amp fuse
Interconnect cables
2 meters of tubing
Terminals and ties

The circuit of the sound system is simple, so there is no point in describing it in full, see the first photo of this article:

The fuse is placed 10-15 centimeters from the battery, throw the power cable into the tube
All cables inside the cabin are laid under the carpet

Subwoofer terminals

How to connect a subwoofer in a car without an amplifier - see the designation of the outputs on the subwoofer:

+12V output is power (supplied only to the battery through a fuse)
REM is the control wire, it comes from the radio, and connects to a blue/white wire (for Pioneer car radios, if you have a different one, then see the radio connection instructions), which usually sticks out of the bundle of wires coming from the radio
The GND terminal is ground (negative wire)
LOW INPUT contact (under tulips) - RCA wires are connected (to the subwoofer from the radio, if any)
HI-INPUT contact - connect here if there are no RCA outputs on the radio

Now it’s clear how to connect a subwoofer to a car without an amplifier, all that remains is to wish you success in this matter; to better understand the topic, we recommend watching our training video.

Setup Instructions

The amplifier is configured in accordance with the recommendations set out in the operating instructions. To adjust the parameters, buttons and rotary switches are used, covered with a protective panel. Rotating correctors are recessed into the body, which reduces the likelihood of accidental position changes. To rotate the element, it is recommended to use a flat blade screwdriver.

A control diode of the power supply is installed on the equipment case; further adjustment of the device is allowed only when the green lamp is turned on. When using standard factory settings of the equipment, the sound picture is blurry. Adjusting the parameters allows you to highlight low and high frequencies, as well as reduce sound distortion.

Amplifier setup for four speakers without subwoofer

After completing the connection of the four-channel amplifier and checking the operation of the electrical circuits, you need to configure the acoustics according to the following method:

Setting up an amplifier for a subwoofer and speakers

The adjustment is made by analogy with the adjustment of a system with standard acoustics. To ensure an improved sound picture, it is recommended to relieve the speakers from broadcasting low frequencies. This action allows the diffuser stroke to be reduced and improves the reproduction of mid frequencies. The HPF corrector is used for adjustment; the position of the potentiometer is determined by the user by ear. Some car owners do not turn on the HPF adjustment due to distortion of the sound picture.

The use of bass boost for a subwoofer is not recommended since it affects the band above 40 Hz. When using a subwoofer with a bass reflex, the subsonic filter is turned on, which is adjusted to a frequency 2-5 Hz below the bass reflex value (indicated on the equipment).

Source

Types of low-frequency audio speakers

Subwoofer is a sound column created to reproduce improved quality of low frequencies that are not available to conventional audio speakers of standard car equipment. Subwoofers are divided according to their types:

The active subwoofer comes with a built-in power amplifier to remove low frequency loads from the main car audio amplifier. And also, its own crossover (a device for dividing frequencies into high, mid, low, etc.), which simplifies the coordination of the subwoofer with the acoustics of the standard radio.

A passive subwoofer does not have a separate (personal) power amplifier and is connected to standard speakers. Which, as a result, negatively affects the sound quality of the car's stereo system and causes additional overload on all output channels. As a result of this, the volume and dynamics of the sound decrease.

How to properly connect an amplifier in a car

There are three main problems related to the layout of automotive audio equipment. This is the wrong choice of connecting wires, their illiterate laying and poor-quality grounding, or rather the connection of equipment to the car body. Connecting the amplifier to the car must be done with wires of the appropriate cross-section. Any metal wire has a certain resistance. The thinner the wire, the higher its resistance, so you cannot install it with SHVVP wire, which is widely used in everyday life. Many companies produce copper-plated wire containing steel conductors coated with a thin layer of sputtered copper. It is unacceptable to use such wires to connect a car amplifier. This will not only greatly reduce the sound quality, but may also cause a fire. To work, you need to purchase special cables designed for such installation.

To understand how to connect an audio amplifier in a car

, you need to calculate the current in the circuit. To do this, you need to divide the amplifier power by the supply voltage. Since the device is powered by a car battery, the total power of the channels must be divided by 12 volts. A two-channel device with a power of 60 watts per channel has a total power of 120 watts. It is customary to increase the power by 1.5-2 times due to uneven consumption, so in this case a power of 240 watts is considered. 240 watts/12 volts = 20 amps. Based on this value, the wire cross-section is selected. The power of a four-channel system with a subwoofer reaches 800 watts or more, so all connecting cables must have the appropriate cross-section. The thin wire will heat up, which may cause a fire. When choosing a cable, it should be chosen with a reserve in terms of power and length. It is not recommended to wire the wires under tension. To reduce distortion, you often have to look for the correct position of the wires relative to each other. The diagram for connecting speakers through an amplifier in a car does not allow parallel laying of power cables and wires going to the speakers. This leads to interference in acoustic systems.

What is the difference between active and passive speakers

First, let’s find out what the difference is between active and general, and what advantages and disadvantages both have.

Amplifier

This element plays an important role in any acoustic system, whether active or passive. An amplifier is often called a receiver, because it is through this component that the sound goes directly to the speakers. Sound amplification is carried out in the following ways:

The sound of the speaker itself is amplified. Such amplification is often found in computer speakers or expensive car speakers.
First, the sound passes through the amplifier, and only then goes to the speakers.

Passive speaker and its disadvantages

In passive speakers, most of them are equipped with an amplifier of average power (see). The sound produced by different speakers is neither good nor bad.
The second option for installing an amplifier in passive systems already involves the use of a good and powerful amplifier, but one that only works with certain models. This is easy to explain, because the manufacturers of such an amplifier cannot know in advance what kind of acoustics it will work with.
It’s no secret that during speaker operation, all electronics heat up, including the crossover, since the output power is concentrated on it. The amplifier loads the speaker electronics, which causes the sound quality in passive speakers to suffer.

Another disadvantage of passive speakers involves the selection of a powerful amplifier. As is known, in order for passive speakers to cope with the incoming power of the amplifier at critical moments, the power of the second must be less than the power of the speakers themselves. There is no feedback from the amplifier to the speakers in a passive speaker. So it turns out that this is a big drawback, because the amplifier, in fact, cannot monitor the load and when it needs to send less power.

Active acoustics

It is advisable to choose her. Now let's find out why:

The design of this speaker provides feedback between the amplifier and speakers. There is a unique opportunity to change the load on the speakers at moments of maximum concentration of the entire system. This prevents damage to the speakers and lasts much longer.

The crossover in active speakers, unlike passive ones, does not heat up. This component is capable of filtering the signal for a long time, thereby eliminating the problem of the amplifier-to-speaker ratio. In this case, the amplifier can simply be configured as required.
Active speakers provide very high sound quality.
The active speakers are not affected by long distances, because the speakers can be arranged as you please.
Active speakers are capable of operating under heavy loads and for a very long time.

We select and buy all the materials and the amplifier itself

Purchasing equipment is an incredibly important step that will determine the quality of all work performed afterwards. If you give preference to an amplifier of unknown origin, which does not even have normal technical characteristics, there is a risk of ruining expensive acoustic equipment. The speakers simply may not be able to handle a bad signal.

When buying an amplifier, think about the actual power. As indications on the case, almost all manufacturers use an increased parameter, which is also present in the equipment, but only in potential terms. If the power in the technical data says 1000 Watts, then in reality such an amplifier delivers from 100 to 130 Watts. The following purchases are also important:

if you buy acoustics, subwoofers, then take care of their maximum compatibility with the amplifier;
you need to buy only the highest quality and most reliable wires - choose the most expensive options;
It is better to solder and crimp all connectors using professional equipment, otherwise you will have to frequently repair the system;
You should also think about purchasing special cable ducts for laying wires through the car;
at specialized retail outlets you can find specific fastenings for such channels;
if the sound system uses a subwoofer, you should also purchase a capacitor to connect in front of the amplifier;
If you are buying an amplifier for a ready-made speaker system, select the most suitable option.

The main problems of motorists who independently install amplifiers and other automotive equipment are expressed in the incorrect selection of equipment. Only the superficial parameters of the acoustics, radio and amplifier are compared, and then the speakers unexpectedly break due to the supply of too much power.

Problems are also possible if the equipment is connected incorrectly. Mixed-up outputs or bad wiring can even cause the entire system to overheat and catch fire. Therefore, be as careful as possible when connecting the system and use professional advice. When choosing equipment, also take help from specialists in stores.

Parallel connection diagram

When connected in parallel, the load resistance drops and the output power increases in proportion to the number of speakers

Here you should pay attention to the maximum permissible load on the amplifier and the number of channels

Most models are designed for a load of 2 ohms, less often 1 ohm, but for high-quality sound and longevity of the equipment, it is advisable to create an optimal load for the device. So, for example, when connecting two speakers with R = 4 Ohms and two speakers with R = 8 Ohms to an amplifier with R = 8 Ohms, we get the permissible resistance of all speakers (4+4+8+8=24 - total; 24: 4=6 - total resistance per device).

The negative channel of speaker 1 and speaker 2 is connected to the positive terminal of the device.
Positive - to the negative contact of the same channel.
All others are connected according to the same principle.

Three-way front and subwoofer

You can safely connect loudspeakers to an amplifier with an output voltage of 30V, but the loss of power in actual volume will be completely unacceptable. However, such inclusion is not used in first-order filters, since in this case an AC short circuit will occur at frequencies above or below the cutoff frequency, respectively. When connected in series, the phasing of the speakers will be slightly different. It is much more difficult if there are two voice coils or you need to connect several subwoofers.

Knowing the intricacies of all the ways to connect speakers to each other and other participants in the speaker system, it is easy to accurately calculate all the real parameters of the devices used.

Ease of installation does not mean that the sound will be of poor quality. Connecting speakers.

Turn the adjuster slightly in the opposite direction. In fact, using this parameter for practical purposes is quite problematic when it comes to multi-way speaker systems.

For example, some of the acoustics can be turned on at full power, some at half and some at a third. How to connect 2 ohm speakers and how to connect a car audio speaker cable with your own hands

Amplifier or receiver?

A receiver is essentially the same amplifier, only improved. It contains a radio receiver and a device for decoding and distributing multi-channel signals of different standards. For watching movies, the receiver will be the best choice, although you can use a separate decoder and separate amplifiers for each channel

If the speakers will be used to listen to high-quality music, on which attention is concentrated more intensely, higher-quality equipment that creates less distortion may be required. Here the choice is based on financial capabilities and ear sensitivity - a standard system is quite enough

In order for all equipment to have an adequate cost, the price of the receiver should be no more than 100% of the cost of the speakers themselves.

Amplifier Vincent SV-700

List of required components

To begin with, let’s decide on a general list of parts, namely their name and function, and then give a recommendation for selection.

Power wire. Supplies power from the battery to the amplifier. For a medium-sized sedan you will need 5 m of “plus” and 1 m of “minus”. You can get more accurate dimensions by measuring your car yourself.
Bulb with fuse. An important component. Serves as protection in the event of a short circuit in the power cable.
Terminals. Allows you to simplify the connection of power wires to the battery and car body. You will need 2 pcs. ring type. If the connection to the amplifier is on the blades, you will need 2 more pieces. fork type.
Tulips and control wire. Transmits an audio signal from the radio to the amplifier. Can come complete with interconnect cables or be purchased separately.
Speaker wire. Transfers an improved signal from the amplifier to the subwoofer. You will need 1-2 m. If you have an active subwoofer, this wire will not be needed.
Additionally, a distributor may be needed if two amplifiers are installed.

Description of devices

The term subwoofer refers to an acoustic speaker or system capable of reproducing sound waves in the frequency range of 20-120 Hz. The work is based on the principle of converting electrical signals from an amplifier into sound. For this, an electromechanical device is used - a speaker, which has a special design that ensures the generation of low-frequency sound signals. To improve the sound, it is installed in a housing with a strictly defined volume. Parts of the housing and speaker suspension should not create extraneous sounds (creaking).

Design features of subwoofers

There are several designs for installing the speaker:

Open speaker installation or unrestricted acoustic baffle. The element is placed on a box with a large volume. On a car, a similar box is the luggage compartment in cars with a sedan body type.
Installation in a small closed box. The dimensions of the box impose restrictions on the frequency ranges, cutting off the very bottom.
Bass reflex housing. In such a device, a channel is used that has certain overall dimensions. The bass reflex is based on the effect of the meeting of waves emitted by the outer and inner sides of the speaker.
A strip body, which is a bass reflex with an additional bulkhead. The speaker is located inside, on the partition. The sound is transmitted through the bass reflex hole. The design is used to create small-sized devices with improved sound parameters.
The housing of a passive radiator, which is a combination of active and passive speakers with identical characteristics. The elements operate in antiphase. Due to the distance and dimensions, which are calculated individually for each device, it is possible to obtain clear sound with a low frequency.

Connecting the amplifier to the radio

Connecting the amplifier to the radio is quite simple. It connects with two types of cables: RCA interconnect and Remote.

Make all connections on a de-energized system (positive wire folded away from the battery)!

Interconnect cable

To avoid interference, lay acoustic and signal cables on the opposite side of the power cables; if intersection cannot be avoided, do it at a right angle.

Interblocks or RCA connect to the linear outputs of the radio and transmit the audio signal to the amplifier. Line outputs have a left and right channel (can be mono for a subwoofer), do not confuse them when connecting to an amplifier, so as not to disrupt the balance adjustment on the radio (left/right).

Remote

The minimum cross-section wiring that transmits the signal to turn on the amplifier when the radio is turned on is the same when it is turned off. Usually the radio has a separate wire for this; if it doesn’t exist, you can connect to the active antenna control or connect it to a permanent plus by installing a toggle switch to independently control the amplifier. It is highly not recommended to power it from a constant +12 directly - this way your amplifiers will be constantly on, which will be an unnecessary load.

Wiring

The wires are laid in such a way as to avoid damage and kinks. To do this, the wiring is placed in a flexible plastic tube of suitable diameter and laid under the floor covering.

To protect and shield speaker cables, they can be routed inside a split metal tube that can be grounded.

How to connect a sound amplifier in a car

Organizing four channels, crossovers and a subwoofer poses some difficulties. The abundance of connecting wires imposes certain installation requirements. To connect the amplifier to the speakers in the car, use standard sets of connecting cables, which can be purchased in specialized stores. Connecting four speaker systems is carried out according to a similar principle, since all the necessary markings are on the device body. The main thing is not to confuse the polarity of connecting the speakers. Many car enthusiasts equip the interior of their car with a subwoofer. This is a powerful speaker system that allows you to reproduce low frequencies in the range from 20 to 120 Hz. Most models allow the connection of a subwoofer. This output of the final stage is organized using a bridge circuit.

Proper connection of the amplifier in the car guarantees high quality sound reproduction without interference or distortion. When connecting car audio equipment, it is very important to select a grounding point.

All components of audio equipment must be grounded at one point in the body. Otherwise, ground loops may occur, causing severe noise. The correct option is to ground the audio equipment to the negative terminal of the battery or to the point where it connects to the car body. For grounding we use stranded copper wires. The grounding point “under the bolt” must be thoroughly cleaned of oxides and degreased. To connect wires, it is best to use gold-plated terminals and connectors. Such connection of the amplifier in the car will provide

the most reliable contact, which will not depend on vibration and shaking. The housings of all elements included in the sound reproduction system must be reliably isolated from the car body. The wires leading to the speaker systems should not be parallel to the power cables.

Warm-up and running-in

The sound of the speakers changes slightly during the initial listening period. If the speaker was stored in a cold room, the damping materials and speaker suspension will take some time to restore their mechanical properties. The diffuser suspension also slightly reduces its rigidity during the first hours of operation. The time it takes for the speaker to fully reach its design characteristics depends on the storage conditions and intensity of use. Typically, it will take a week to eliminate the temperature effects and about 15 hours for the mechanical parts to achieve the desired characteristics. We sometimes receive feedback that a longer break-in period is required (for example, a month), but this, as a rule, has nothing to do with changes in the properties of the speakers, but is most likely due to the listener getting used to a new sound. This primarily applies to high-resolution speakers, where the listener can be exposed to significantly more detail than what he was previously accustomed to; The sound at first may seem too “bulging” and a little difficult to perceive. However, after a more or less long time, you will feel that the sound has become softer and more pleasant, but without any loss of clarity and detail.

Step-by-step instructions for serial connection

In this embodiment, the resistance is summed up and calculated using the formula:

R1 - first speaker,

R2 - second speaker.

In this case, R1 must be equal to R2, otherwise the speaker system will quickly wear out and the expected sound effects will not live up to expectations. Using this scheme, you can connect as many speakers as you like, but their R value should not exceed the maximum permissible R of the amplifier. It is also worth considering that the more speakers are connected in series, the less sound power will be output.

Negative 1 is connected to the positive channel of column 2.
Positive 1 is connected to the negative terminal of the device.
Negative 2 is connected to the positive output.

The serial connection of three or more speakers is carried out according to the same scheme, where each subsequent one is polarly connected to the previous one, and their outermost contacts are polarly connected to the terminal of the device.

Adviсe

Let's give some advice.

In addition to calculating the load on the equipment in a specific connection, it is important to correctly select the wires that match the resistance in the circuit. Preference can be given to acoustic wires, which give the purest sound at the output, or to ordinary wires with R not lower than 4 ohms.
To avoid damage and short circuit, the polarity of the contacts + to - should be strictly observed.
When you turn on the radio for the first time to check, the volume should be minimal. If the sound is distorted, the equipment should be turned off immediately. This effect occurs when the polarity of the connections is not observed, which will have to be corrected.

Start by changing the angle of the speakers towards your chosen listening position, which is usually the center line of the room, with only the inner side panel of each speaker visible if you are seated.

sxematube - correct connection of speakers (speakers)

How to properly connect speakers through an amplifier in a car

To prevent various kinds of interference from interfering with your music, you should connect the speaker connection system to the battery. To do this, you need a multi-core cable with a cross-section of 4 mm. The fuse is installed at a distance of half a meter from the battery.

The order in which the wires are connected cannot be ignored; first they are connected not to the radio, but to the speakers. Sound quality depends on insulation. Using silicone for this, you can be sure that it is able to protect the surface from cracks.

Care must be taken to ensure that the cable does not become tangled or twisted. To do this, the wires are laid under the threshold, in the door pillar, where they will be closed.

Selecting a fuse

A mandatory element of the circuit is a fuse. They are mounted closer to the battery. It is worth differentiating between the fuses that protect the device itself and the elements that make it possible to protect the power line.

In the second case, it serves to protect a cable that passes significant current through itself. Before purchasing, we check the denomination, because a high value of the denomination will not lead to timely operation, and you may lose the entire wiring. We recommend using the table.